Carlson J G
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1977 Sep;2(3):259-71. doi: 10.1007/BF00998651.
Forty-eight normal subjects from a college population, representing extreme internal and external orientations on a locus of control scale, were provided an auditory signal in a laboratory relaxation setting. For one group (feedback) the pitch of the signal varied as a function of frontal electromyographic (EMG) levels, while for another group (control) the pitch was constant. The feedback subjects acquired lower EMG potentials than did the control subjects, and the internal subjects in the feedback condition acquired lower levels than did the external subjects. In the control condition, no consistent differences in EMG levels between internal and external subjects were obtained. These results were stable across two replications, three ethnically distinct groups, and both sexes. Additional measures designed to reflect the effects of the frontal EMG training as a generalized relaxation technique for this population, including finger temperatures and a variety of postexperiment queswtionnaire ratings of relaxation, yielded negative results. Tests of other predictions from the locus of control construct are also discussed.
从大学生群体中选取了48名正常受试者，他们在控制点量表上代表了极端的内控和外控倾向，在实验室放松环境中给他们提供了一个听觉信号。对于一组（反馈组），信号的音高根据额肌电图（EMG）水平而变化，而对于另一组（对照组），音高是恒定的。反馈组受试者获得的肌电电位低于对照组受试者，反馈条件下的内控受试者获得的水平低于外控受试者。在控制条件下，内控和外控受试者之间的肌电水平没有获得一致的差异。这些结果在两次重复实验、三个不同种族群体以及男女两性中都是稳定的。旨在反映额肌电训练作为该群体通用放松技术效果的其他测量方法，包括手指温度和实验后各种放松问卷调查评分，都得到了负面结果。还讨论了从控制点结构得出的其他预测的测试。
