Cuenca N, De Juan J, Kolb H
Department of Histology, University of Alicante, Spain.
J Comp Neurol. 1995 Jun 12;356(4):491-504. doi: 10.1002/cne.903560402.
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator in the retina. The aim of this study was to identify the type(s) and the distribution of the SP-immunoreactive (SP-IR) cells in the human retina. We have used an antiserum to SP to immunostain neurons in postmortem human retinae. Immunostained retinae were processed with the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) to visualize the cells either whole mounted in glycerol or embedded in plastic. Some retinae were also sectioned at 20 microns in order to obtain radial views of stained cells. SP-IR amacrine cells stain intensely and appear to be of a single type in the human retina. They are large-field cells with large cell bodies (16 microns diameter) lying in normal or displaced positions on either side of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). Their sturdy, spiny, and appendage-bearing dendrites stratify in stratum 3 (S3) of the IPL, where many overlapping, fine dendrites intermingle to form a plexus of stained processes. Either cell bodies or primary dendrites emit an "axon-like" process that, typically, divides into two long, fine processes, which run in opposite directions for hundreds of micrometers in S5 and S3 before disappearing as distinct entities in the stained plexus in S3. Long, fine dendrites also pass from the dendritic plexus to run in S5 and down to the nerve fiber layer to end as large varicosities at blood vessel walls. In addition, fine processes are emitted from the dendritic plexus that runs in S1, and some pass up to the outer plexiform layer (OPL) to run therein for short distances. The SP-IR amacrine cell has many similarities to the thorny, type 2 amacrine cells described from Golgi studies. In addition to the SP-IR amacrine cells, a presumed ganglion cell type is faintly immunoreactive. Its 20-22 microns cell body gives rise to a radiate, sparsely branched, wide-spreading dendritic tree running in S3. Its dendrites and cell body become enveloped by the more intensely SP-IR processes and boutons from the SP-IR amacrine cell type. The SP-IR ganglion cell type most resembles G21 from a Golgi study.
P物质（SP）是一种神经肽，在视网膜中作为神经递质或神经调质发挥作用。本研究的目的是确定人视网膜中SP免疫反应性（SP-IR）细胞的类型和分布。我们使用了抗SP抗血清对死后人类视网膜中的神经元进行免疫染色。免疫染色的视网膜用抗生物素蛋白-生物素复合物（ABC）处理，以便观察整个固定在甘油中或包埋在塑料中的细胞。一些视网膜也切成20微米厚的切片，以获得染色细胞的径向视图。SP-IR无长突细胞染色强烈，在人视网膜中似乎是单一类型。它们是大视野细胞，具有大的细胞体（直径16微米），位于内网状层（IPL）两侧的正常或移位位置。它们粗壮、有棘且带有附属物的树突在内网状层的第3层（S3）分层，许多重叠的细树突在那里交织形成一个染色过程的丛。细胞体或初级树突发出一个“轴突样”过程，通常分成两个长而细的过程，它们在S5和S3中向相反方向延伸数百微米，然后在S3的染色丛中作为独立的实体消失。长而细的树突也从树突丛延伸到S5并向下延伸到神经纤维层，在血管壁处终止为大的曲张。此外，细的过程从在S1中运行的树突丛发出，一些向上延伸到外网状层（OPL）并在其中短距离运行。SP-IR无长突细胞与高尔基研究中描述的多棘2型无长突细胞有许多相似之处。除了SP-IR无长突细胞外，一种假定的神经节细胞类型有微弱的免疫反应性其20-22微米的细胞体产生一个放射状、稀疏分支、广泛分布的树突树，在S3中运行。它的树突和细胞体被来自SP-IR无长突细胞类型的更强SP-IR过程和终扣所包围。SP-IR神经节细胞类型最类似于高尔基研究中的G21。
