Crooks J, Kolb H
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84108.
J Comp Neurol. 1992 Jan 15;315(3):287-302. doi: 10.1002/cne.903150305.
A light microscope study using postembedding immunocytochemistry techniques to demonstrate the common neurotransmitter candidates gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamate, and tyrosine hydroxylase for dopamine has been done on human retina. By using an antiserum to GABA, we found GABA-immunoreactivity (GABA-IR) to be primarily in amacrine cells lying in the inner nuclear layer (INL) or displaced to the ganglion cell layer (GCL). A few stained cells in the INL, which are probably interplexiform cells, were observed to project thin processes towards the outer plexiform layer (OPL). There were heavily stained bands of immunoreactivity in strata 1, 3 and 5 of the inner plexiform layer (IPL). An occasional ganglion cell was also GABA-IR. By using an antiserum to glycine, stained cells were observed at all levels of the INL. Most of these were amacrines, but a few bipolar cells were also glycine-IR. Displaced amacrine cells and large-bodied cells, which are probably ganglion cells, stained in the GCL. The bipolar cells that stained appeared to include both diffuse and midget varieties. The AII amacrine cell of the rod pathway was clearly stained in our material but at a lower intensity than two other amacrine cell types tentatively identified as A8 and A3 or A4. Again, there was stratified staining in the IPL, with strata 2 and 4 being most immunoreactive. An antiserum to glutamate revealed that most of the neurons of the vertical pathways in the human retina were glutamate-IR. Rod and cone photoreceptor synaptic endings labeled as did the majority of bipolar and ganglion cells. The rod photoreceptor stained more heavily than the cone photoreceptor in our material. While both midget and diffuse cone bipolar cell types were clearly glutamate-IR, rod bipolars were not noticeably stained. The most strongly staining glutamate-IR processes of the IPL lay in the outer half, in sublamina a. The antiserum to tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH) revealed two different amacrine cell types. Strongly immunoreactive cells (TOH1) had their cell bodies in the INL and their dendrites ramified in a dense plexus in stratum 1 of the IPL. Fine processes arising from their cell bodies or from the stratum 1 plexus passed through the INL to reach the OPL but did not produce long-ranging ramifications therein. The less immunoreactive amacrines (TOH2) lay in the INL, the center of the IPL or the GCL and emitted thick dendrites that were monostratified in stratum 3 of the IPL.
利用包埋后免疫细胞化学技术进行的光学显微镜研究，已在人视网膜上完成，以证明多巴胺常见的神经递质候选物γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和酪氨酸羟化酶。通过使用抗GABA血清，我们发现GABA免疫反应性（GABA-IR）主要存在于位于内核层（INL）或移位至神经节细胞层（GCL）的无长突细胞中。在内核层中观察到一些染色细胞，可能是双极间细胞，它们向外网状层（OPL）伸出细的突起。在内网状层（IPL）的第1、3和5层有大量免疫反应性染色带。偶尔也有神经节细胞呈GABA-IR阳性。通过使用抗甘氨酸血清，在内核层的所有层面都观察到了染色细胞。其中大多数是无长突细胞，但也有一些双极细胞呈甘氨酸-IR阳性。移位的无长突细胞和大细胞（可能是神经节细胞）在神经节细胞层中染色。染色的双极细胞似乎包括弥散型和侏儒型。在我们的材料中，视杆通路的AII无长突细胞明显染色，但强度低于另外两种暂定为A8和A3或A4的无长突细胞类型。同样，在内网状层有分层染色，第2和4层免疫反应性最强。抗谷氨酸血清显示，人视网膜垂直通路中的大多数神经元呈谷氨酸-IR阳性。视杆和视锥光感受器的突触终末以及大多数双极细胞和神经节细胞都被标记。在我们的材料中，视杆光感受器的染色比视锥光感受器更重。虽然侏儒型和弥散型视锥双极细胞类型都明显呈谷氨酸-IR阳性，但视杆双极细胞没有明显染色。内网状层中染色最强的谷氨酸-IR阳性突起位于外半部，即亚层a。抗酪氨酸羟化酶（TOH）血清显示出两种不同类型的无长突细胞。强免疫反应性细胞（TOH1）的细胞体在内核层，其树突在IPL第1层的致密丛中分支。从它们的细胞体或第1层丛发出的细突起穿过内核层到达外网状层，但在其中没有产生长距离分支。免疫反应性较弱的无长突细胞（TOH2）位于内核层、内网状层中心或神经节细胞层，并发出粗的树突，这些树突在IPL第3层单分层。
