Dye L, Warner P, Bancroft J
Department of Psychology, Leeds University, UK.
J Affect Disord. 1995 Jun 8;34(3):157-64. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(95)00013-d.
The associations between retrospective ratings of food craving and depression during the premenstrual, menstrual and postmenstrual phases of the preceding menstrual cycle and ratings of current levels of stress and happiness of relationship were examined in 5,546 women. In each phase examined, the severity of food craving was very strongly related to the reported severity of depression. Overall levels of food craving were inversely related to happiness of relationship and there was some interaction of this effect with on-going stress. However, once the effect of depression was accounted for there was no effect of either current stress or happiness of relationship on the cycle-related pattern of food craving and in general the magnitude of the effect of these psychosocial variables was very small compared with that of depression. Food cravings were also reported in the absence of depression, tending to show a cycle-related pattern, maximal premenstrually, declining during menstruation and further postmenstrually. Whilst this is consistent with a cycle-related biological explanation, it remains unclear whether the striking amplification of food craving ratings in association with co-existing depression, in all three phases examined, is also biologically based or dependent on psychological mechanisms. In view of the retrospective nature of the ratings of mood and craving and the limited assessment of stress and happiness of relationship, these findings should be regarded as preliminary. They are, however, of potential importance and the association between these two common phenomena deserves further study.
在5546名女性中，研究了前一个月经周期的经前、经期和经后阶段对食物渴望的回顾性评分与抑郁之间的关联，以及当前压力水平和关系幸福感评分之间的关联。在每个研究阶段，对食物渴望的严重程度与报告的抑郁严重程度密切相关。食物渴望的总体水平与关系幸福感呈负相关，并且这种影响与持续压力存在一些相互作用。然而，一旦考虑到抑郁的影响，当前压力或关系幸福感对与周期相关的食物渴望模式均无影响，总体而言，与抑郁相比，这些社会心理变量的影响程度非常小。在没有抑郁的情况下也报告了食物渴望，倾向于呈现与周期相关的模式，在经前达到峰值，在经期下降，在经后进一步下降。虽然这与基于周期的生物学解释一致，但目前尚不清楚在所有三个研究阶段中，与并存的抑郁相关的食物渴望评分的显著放大是基于生物学还是依赖于心理机制。鉴于情绪和渴望评分的回顾性性质以及对压力和关系幸福感的评估有限，这些发现应被视为初步的。然而，它们具有潜在的重要性，这两种常见现象之间的关联值得进一步研究。
