Herrn R
Magnus-Hirschfeld-Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany.
J Homosex. 1995;28(1-2):31-56. doi: 10.1300/J082v28n01_03.
Biological theories of homosexuality fit into the discourse on reproduction and sexuality that began in the nineteenth century. They arose in the context of the early homosexual rights movement, with its claim for natural rights, and the psychiatric discussions about sexual perversions. With the classification of homosexuality as a distinct category, homosexuals were excluded from the "normal". Biological theories of homosexuality were attempts not only to explain its causes, but also to maintain the exclusion of homosexuals as the "other". Biological explanations can be categorized as genetic, constitutional, endocrinological, and ethological. On the one hand, biological theories were used in the struggle for homosexual rights. On the other hand, they were used to "cure"e homosexuals. Every theory led to a specific therapy. This paper points out the roots of this thinking, traces the development of various theories, and shows the utilization of biological theories in treating homosexuality.
同性恋的生物学理论契合了始于19世纪的关于生殖与性取向的论述。它们产生于早期同性恋权利运动的背景下，该运动主张自然权利，同时也产生于有关性变态的精神病学讨论中。随着同性恋被归类为一个独特的类别，同性恋者被排除在“正常”范畴之外。同性恋的生物学理论不仅试图解释其成因，还试图维持将同性恋者作为“他者”的排斥状态。生物学解释可分为遗传学、体质学、内分泌学和行为学几类。一方面，生物学理论被用于同性恋权利斗争；另一方面，它们被用于“治疗”同性恋者。每种理论都导致了一种特定的疗法。本文指出了这种思维的根源，追溯了各种理论的发展，并展示了生物学理论在治疗同性恋方面的应用。
