Haumann G
J Homosex. 1995;28(1-2):57-77. doi: 10.1300/J082v28n01_04.
This paper critically examines the complex relationships and interdependencies between biological theories on homosexuality and sociosexual ideologies. It challenges the privileged status of biology as the ultimate authority on homosexuality. This status is based on the belief that biology is a value-free science. On the contrary, this essay shows how unacknowledged assumptions and culturally bound patterns of thinking about sexuality taint biological research. Sociosexual ideologies are defined as principles that organize the ways we express our sexualities and the way we theorize about them in biology. The following ideologies are identified: (1) sexuality-as-heterosexuality, (2) sexuality-as-reproduction, (3) sexual dualism (male vs. female), and (4) the view the homosexuality is a sexual inversion. The process by which these ideologies are incorporated into biology is two-fold: (1) as a projective act from society onto nature and (2) as a reflective act from nature back into society. It is further argued that biological knowledge of homosexuality resulting from that process can be used for diverse political interests. Finally, it is proposed that since biological theories on homosexuality are inseparable from the context of their paradigmatic origin, it is possible that new theories could be derived from new ideologies.
本文批判性地审视了关于同性恋的生物学理论与社会性别意识形态之间的复杂关系和相互依存性。它质疑了生物学作为同性恋最终权威的特权地位。这种地位基于生物学是一门价值中立的科学这一信念。相反，本文展示了关于性取向的未被承认的假设和受文化束缚的思维模式是如何影响生物学研究的。社会性别意识形态被定义为组织我们表达性取向的方式以及我们在生物学中对其进行理论化的方式的原则。以下意识形态被识别出来：（1）性取向即异性恋，（2）性取向即生殖，（3）性二元论（男性与女性），以及（4）同性恋是性倒错的观点。这些意识形态融入生物学的过程有两个方面：（1）作为从社会投射到自然的行为，（2）作为从自然反射回社会的行为。进一步论证的是，由该过程产生的关于同性恋的生物学知识可被用于多种政治利益。最后，有人提出，由于关于同性恋的生物学理论与其范式起源的背景不可分割，有可能从新的意识形态中衍生出新的理论。
