Van Wyk P H, Geist C S
Department of Psychology, Auburn University, IL, USA.
J Homosex. 1995;28(3-4):357-73. doi: 10.1300/J082v28n03_11.
Differentiation of human sexual orientation, particularly bisexuality, has been little studied. Most studies have lumped bisexuals with homosexuals. Those examining bisexuals separately have uniformly observed that bisexuals are often unlike either heterosexuals or homosexuals. Some authors have overgeneralized the results of animal studies as applying to humans. While animal models can provide useful hypotheses, human sexual orientation is unique. Therefore, conclusions about human sexuality based on animal research are suspect. Human sexual orientation is influenced by biological, cognitive, cultural, and subcultural variable in interaction, leading to multiple types of heterosexuals, bisexuals, and homosexuals. Understanding of human sexual orientation will improve only if these factors are accounted for in research and theory. Several studies seem to indicate that some bisexuals have a predominantly heterosexual or homosexual orientation, but high erotic responsiveness or more "masculine" characteristics, leading to versatility in sexual behavior. Early exposure to masculinizing hormones seems to predispose human females toward bisexuality rather than exclusive homosexuality.
人类性取向的分化，尤其是双性恋，研究甚少。大多数研究将双性恋者与同性恋者归为一类。那些单独研究双性恋者的研究一致观察到，双性恋者往往既不同于异性恋者，也不同于同性恋者。一些作者将动物研究的结果过度推广到人类身上。虽然动物模型可以提供有用的假设，但人类性取向是独特的。因此，基于动物研究得出的关于人类性行为的结论值得怀疑。人类性取向受到生物、认知、文化和亚文化变量的交互影响，导致出现多种类型的异性恋者、双性恋者和同性恋者。只有在研究和理论中考虑到这些因素，对人类性取向的理解才会有所改善。几项研究似乎表明，一些双性恋者主要具有异性恋或同性恋取向，但具有较高的性反应能力或更“男性化”的特征，从而导致性行为的多样性。早期接触男性化激素似乎使人类女性倾向于双性恋而非单纯的同性恋。
