Effects of sesamin on the fatty acid composition of the liver of rats fed N-6 and N-3 fatty acid-rich diet.

Sesamin is known as a specific inhibitor of delta 5-desaturation, the conversion from dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3(n=6)) to arachidonic acid (20:4(n-6)). In the previous paper, we reported that sesamin inhibited delta 5-desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in rat hepatocytes but not that of n-3 fatty acids, from 20:4(n-3) to 20:5(n-3). Then, we studied the effects of sesamin on delta 5-desaturation of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in vivo. Rats were fed two types of diets containing sesamin (0.5% w/w) for 4 weeks as follows: in experiment 1 (Exp. 1) gamma-linolenic acid-rich diet and in experiment 2 (Exp. 2) alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet. The fatty acid composition of liver lipids was compared to those of control groups without sesamin. In both Exps. 1 and 2, sesamin increased the liver weight and phospholipid contents in liver. In Exp. 2, sesamin increased n-6 fatty acids and decreased n-3 fatty acids even though the diet was rich in n-3 fatty acids. Sesamin enhanced the composition ratio of 20:3(n-6) in both Exps. 1 and 2. Decrease of delta 5-desaturation index of n-6 fatty acid, the ratio of 20:4(n-6)/20:3(n-6), by the administration of sesamin suggested that sesamin inhibited the delta 5-desaturation of n-6 fatty acids in the liver. On the contrary, the delta 5-desaturation index of n-3 fatty acids, the ratio of 20:5(n-3) to 18:3(n-3), was increased by sesamin administration in the liver of rats fed alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet (Exp. 2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)