Chevalier B, Cavallo J D, Meyran M
Laboratoire de Biologie, HIA du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France.
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1995 Apr;43(4):264-9.
The bactericidal activity of 6 antibiotics and 3 combinations was evaluated against 6 Salmonella strains isolated from blood: 3 sensitive to all antibiotics tested (1 Salmonella Typhi, 1 Salmonella Paratyphi A et 1 Salmonella Enteritidis) and 3 harbouring a TEM penicillinase (1 Salmonella Typhi, 1 Salmonella Virchow et 1 Salmonella Typhimurium). MICs of 6 antibiotics, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin, amikacin and chloramphenicol were determined by microdilution method in Mueller Hinton broth. The bactericidal activity of these antibiotics and 3 combinations (ciprocloxacin + ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin + amikacin and ceftriaxone + amikacin) was determined by the killing curve method with 10(6) cfu/ml inocula and 4 x MIC for antibiotics concentrations. Chloramphenicol, only tested on typho-paratyphi strains, had only a bacteriostatic effect at 24 hours. Amikacin and ciprofloxacin had a faster and better bactericidal activity than cephalosporins. Combinations were either additive or synergistic. Those including amikacin had the best results, but any can be proposed for initial treatment of severe Salmonella infections in immunosuppressed patients.
评估了6种抗生素及3种联合用药方案对从血液中分离出的6株沙门氏菌的杀菌活性：3株对所有测试抗生素敏感（1株伤寒沙门氏菌、1株甲型副伤寒沙门氏菌和1株肠炎沙门氏菌），3株携带TEM青霉素酶（1株伤寒沙门氏菌、1株维尔肖沙门氏菌和1株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌）。采用微量稀释法在 Mueller Hinton肉汤中测定了6种抗生素（头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、阿米卡星和氯霉素）的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。采用活菌计数法，接种量为10(6) cfu/ml，抗生素浓度为4倍MIC，测定了这些抗生素及3种联合用药方案（环丙沙星 + 头孢曲松、环丙沙星 + 阿米卡星和头孢曲松 + 阿米卡星）的杀菌活性。仅对伤寒 - 副伤寒菌株进行测试的氯霉素在24小时时仅具有抑菌作用。阿米卡星和环丙沙星的杀菌活性比头孢菌素更快且更好。联合用药方案具有相加或协同作用。含阿米卡星的联合用药方案效果最佳，但对于免疫抑制患者严重沙门氏菌感染的初始治疗，任何一种方案均可推荐使用。
