Goode C J
Department of Nursing, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, USA.
Nurs Clin North Am. 1995 Sep;30(3):421-8.
To determine the effectiveness of a research-based clinical intervention, a planned program of evaluation must be in place. The evaluation consists of two components: determining whether the intervention was implemented as intended and, if not, what barriers prevented the implementation; and determining whether the intervention produced the expected outcomes. Evaluation provides essential data for decision making and helps staff determine whether the intervention should be accepted, rejected, or modified for use in their setting. Research utilization activities complement QAI programs, and many patients benefit from new research-based practice innovations. Through research utilization, clinical practice becomes vital to nursing research because clinical practice provides the testing ground for research findings. Knowledge generated under controlled situations is evaluated in the real world of clinical practice, and clinical data produced through evaluation provides a rationale for practice that can be meaningfully understood both inside and outside the nursing profession.
为确定基于研究的临床干预措施的有效性，必须制定一个有计划的评估方案。该评估包括两个部分：确定干预措施是否按预期实施，如果没有，是什么障碍阻碍了实施；以及确定干预措施是否产生了预期的结果。评估为决策提供重要数据，并帮助工作人员确定该干预措施是否应被接受、拒绝或修改以在其环境中使用。研究应用活动补充了质量保证改进（QAI）计划，许多患者受益于新的基于研究的实践创新。通过研究应用，临床实践对护理研究至关重要，因为临床实践为研究结果提供了试验场。在受控情况下产生的知识在临床实践的现实世界中得到评估，通过评估产生的临床数据为实践提供了一个理由，这个理由在护理专业内外都能得到有意义的理解。
