Coyne J C, Calarco M M
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0118, USA.
Psychiatry. 1995 May;58(2):149-63. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1995.11024722.
The popularity of cognitive theories of depression has not appreciably increased attention to the effects of depression on how its sufferers subsequently think about themselves and structure their lives. As a first step in a program of systematic research, we recruited recent and former depressed psychiatric patients to participate in focus group discussions of their experience of depression and how it has affected them. Statements elicited in two focus groups were classified into eight categories: lack of energy and the loss of self-efficacy, fear of recurrence, fear of taking risks, inability to trust oneself, self-presentation and concealment, concern about being a burden to others, secondary guilt about having been depressed, and reduced involvement in interpersonal relationships. These results were then used as the basis for the construction of a survey instrument, the Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ), and strong differences were found between recently recovered depressed women and a sample of women without a history of depression. Taken together, results of the focus groups and the survey study support the utility of a limited "sick role" for recovering depressed persons.
抑郁症认知理论的流行并没有显著增加人们对抑郁症对患者随后如何看待自己以及构建生活方式的影响的关注。作为系统研究项目的第一步，我们招募了近期和曾经患过抑郁症的精神科患者，让他们参与关于抑郁症经历及其对他们的影响的焦点小组讨论。在两个焦点小组中引出的陈述被分为八类：缺乏精力和自我效能感丧失、害怕复发、害怕冒险、无法信任自己、自我呈现与隐瞒、担心成为他人负担、因患过抑郁症而产生的继发性内疚，以及人际关系参与度降低。这些结果随后被用作构建一份调查问卷——自我评估问卷（SAQ）的基础，并且发现近期康复的抑郁症女性与没有抑郁症病史的女性样本之间存在显著差异。综合来看，焦点小组和调查研究的结果支持为康复中的抑郁症患者设定有限的“患病角色”的效用。
