牙科技术人员接触钴铬粉尘与肺部疾病
Exposure to cobalt chromium dust and lung disorders in dental technicians.
作者信息
Seldén A I, Persson B, Bornberger-Dankvardt S I, Winström L E, Bodin L S
机构信息
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden.
出版信息
Thorax. 1995 Jul;50(7):769-72. doi: 10.1136/thx.50.7.769.
BACKGROUND
Dental technician's pneumoconiosis is a dust-induced fibrotic lung disease of fairly recent origin. This study was carried out to estimate its occurrence in Sweden.
METHODS
Thirty seven dental technicians in central and south eastern Sweden with at least five years of exposure to dust from cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys, identified by postal survey, agreed to undergo chest radiography and assessment of lung function and exposure to inorganic dust.
RESULTS
Six subjects (16%; 95% confidence interval 6% to 23%) showed radiological evidence of dental technician's pneumoconiosis. The lung function of the study group was reduced compared with historical reference material. With local exhaust ventilation dust levels were generally low, whereas in dental laboratories without such equipment high levels of dust, particularly cobalt, were found.
CONCLUSIONS
Pneumoconiosis may result from exposure to inorganic dust in the manufacturing of CoCrMo-based dental constructions. It is possible to reduce this hazard substantially by local exhaust ventilation.
背景
牙科技师尘肺是一种起源相对较新的尘肺病。本研究旨在评估其在瑞典的发病率。
方法
通过邮政调查确定了瑞典中部和东南部37名至少有五年接触钴铬钼（CoCrMo）合金粉尘经历的牙科技师，他们同意接受胸部X光检查、肺功能评估以及无机粉尘暴露评估。
结果
六名受试者（16%；95%置信区间为6%至23%）有牙科技师尘肺的放射学证据。与历史参考资料相比，研究组的肺功能有所下降。通过局部排风通风，粉尘水平总体较低，而在没有此类设备的牙科实验室中，发现粉尘水平较高，尤其是钴。
结论
接触基于CoCrMo的牙科修复体制造过程中的无机粉尘可能导致尘肺。通过局部排风通风可大幅降低这种危害。
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