Kjaer I
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta Odontol Scand. 1995 Jun;53(3):135-43. doi: 10.3109/00016359509005963.
A survey is given of current knowledge of the interrelationship between facial, cranial and brain development in humans. First, normal facial, cranial (mandible, maxilla, palatine bone, cranial base, theca cranii, dentition), and brain development are described separately. Then, developmental interrelationships are illustrated under normal and pathologic conditions (cleft lip and palate, holoprosencephaly, anencephaly, amniotic band sequence). New observations are described in detail, and references are given to previously published articles. A close interconnection exists between the development of the face, the craniofacial skeleton, and the brain. This is illustrated by new observations in cleft palate fetuses and new theories about the etiology of holoprosencephaly and tooth agenesis. The survey focuses, moreover, on the importance of the face and the cranial base in endocrine development. Borderlines between face regions and cranial regions with different developmental origin are set up for future elucidation of the etiology behind syndromes involving the craniofacial regions.
本文综述了目前关于人类面部、颅骨和脑部发育之间相互关系的知识。首先，分别描述了正常的面部、颅骨（下颌骨、上颌骨、腭骨、颅底、颅膜、牙列）和脑部发育。然后，阐述了正常和病理条件下（唇腭裂、前脑无裂畸形、无脑儿、羊膜带序列）的发育相互关系。详细描述了新的观察结果，并引用了先前发表的文章。面部、颅面骨骼和脑部的发育之间存在密切联系。腭裂胎儿的新观察结果以及关于前脑无裂畸形和牙齿发育不全病因的新理论都证明了这一点。此外，综述还重点关注了面部和颅底在内分泌发育中的重要性。划分了具有不同发育起源的面部区域和颅骨区域之间的边界，以便未来阐明涉及颅面区域的综合征背后的病因。
