Mourrieras B, Darlu P, Hochez J, Hazout S
INSERM U263, Université Denis Diderot, Paris, France.
Ann Hum Biol. 1995 May-Jun;22(3):183-98. doi: 10.1080/03014469500003852.
The distribution of surnames in 90 distinct regions in France during two successive periods, 1889-1915 and 1916-1940, is analysed from the civil birth registers of the 36,500 administrative units in France. A new approach, called 'Mobile Site Method' (MSM), is developed to allow representation of a surname distance matrix by a distorted geographical map. A surname distance matrix between the various regions in France is first calculated, then a distorted geographical map called the 'surname similarity map' is built up from the surname distances between regions. To interpret this map we draw (a) successive map contours obtained during the step-by-step distortion process, revealing zones of high surname dissimilarity, and (b) maps in grey levels representing the displacement magnitude, and allowing the segmentation of the geographical and surname maps into 'homogeneous surname zones'. By integrating geography and surname information in the same analysis, and by comparing results obtained for the two successive periods, the MSM approach produces convenient maps showing: (a) 'regionalism' of some peripheral populations such as Pays Basque, Alsace, Corsica and Brittany; (b) the presence of preferential axes of communications (Rhodanian corridor, Garonne valley); (c) barriers such as the Central Massif, Vosges; (d) the weak modifications of the distorted maps associated with the two periods studied suggest an extension (but limited) of the tendency of surname uniformity in France. These results are interpreted, in the nineteenth- and twentieth century context, as the consequences of a slow process of local migrations occurring over a long period of time.
通过法国36500个行政单位的民事出生登记册，分析了1889 - 1915年和1916 - 1940年这两个连续时期法国90个不同地区的姓氏分布情况。一种名为“移动站点法”（MSM）的新方法被开发出来，用于通过扭曲的地理地图来呈现姓氏距离矩阵。首先计算法国各地区之间的姓氏距离矩阵，然后根据地区间的姓氏距离构建一个名为“姓氏相似性地图”的扭曲地理地图。为了解释这张地图，我们绘制了：（a）在逐步扭曲过程中获得的连续地图等高线，揭示姓氏差异大的区域；（b）灰度级地图，代表位移幅度，并允许将地理和姓氏地图分割成“同质姓氏区域”。通过在同一分析中整合地理和姓氏信息，并比较两个连续时期获得的结果，MSM方法生成了方便的地图，显示出：（a）一些边缘人群如巴斯克地区、阿尔萨斯、科西嘉和布列塔尼的“地方主义”；（b）存在优先交通轴（罗讷走廊、加龙河谷）；（c）如中央高原、孚日山脉等屏障；（d）与所研究的两个时期相关的扭曲地图的微弱变化表明法国姓氏均匀化趋势有所扩展（但有限）。在19世纪和20世纪的背景下，这些结果被解释为长期以来当地缓慢移民过程的结果。
