Johnston M V, Ottenbacher K J, Reichardt C S
Kessler Institute for Rehabilitation, East and West Orange, New Jersey UMDNJ/New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07018, USA.
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1995 Sep-Oct;74(5):383-92.
Medical rehabilitation needs better understanding of the effectiveness of its treatments and of patient characteristics most responsive to alternative intervention strategies. The goal of this paper is to improve understanding of research design in medical rehabilitation. More specifically, it describes two potentially rigorous but infrequently used "quasi-experimental" research designs--the regression-discontinuity design and the multiple interrupted time-series design. These are contrasted with the strongest research design--the randomized experiment--and to weaker designs, such as the nonequivalent group designs. Pre-experimental research, including qualitative, descriptive, and predictive studies, should not be confused with experimental research designs. More frequent use of randomized experimental and strong quasi-experimental designs can provide knowledge that will augment the effectiveness of rehabilitation practice.
医学康复需要更好地了解其治疗方法的有效性，以及对替代干预策略反应最灵敏的患者特征。本文的目的是增进对医学康复研究设计的理解。更具体地说，它描述了两种可能严谨但很少使用的“准实验”研究设计——回归间断设计和多重中断时间序列设计。将它们与最强的研究设计——随机实验——以及较弱的设计（如非等效组设计）进行对比。预实验研究，包括定性、描述性和预测性研究，不应与实验研究设计相混淆。更频繁地使用随机实验和强大的准实验设计可以提供知识，从而提高康复实践的有效性。
