Peters G J, van der Vijgh W J
Biochemical Pharmacology Section, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Cancer. 1995;31A Suppl 1:S1-7. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00145-9.
Amifostine is a radioprotective agent that prevents radiation- and chemotherapy-induced cellular injury through free-radical scavenging, hydrogen donation, and inhibition of DNA damage. Amifostine is metabolised and accumulated to a much greater extent in normal cells than in tumour cells. As a result, it exerts a protective effect from toxicity on normal tissues induced by chemo- or radiotherapy without reducing the antitumour effects of cancer therapy. Extensive preclinical studies have shown that amifostine protects against radiation damage and against the myelotoxic, nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic agents such as alkylating agents and platinum compounds. In some cases, the antitumour effects of these agents have been potentiated by amifostine. Amifostine has also been shown to protect against radiation- and chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis and, as a result, carcinogenesis. Use of amifostine allows for safer and more effective administration of radio- and anticancer therapy.
氨磷汀是一种辐射防护剂，可通过清除自由基、提供氢和抑制DNA损伤来预防辐射和化疗引起的细胞损伤。氨磷汀在正常细胞中的代谢和积累程度远高于肿瘤细胞。因此，它对化疗或放疗诱导的正常组织毒性具有保护作用，同时不会降低癌症治疗的抗肿瘤效果。广泛的临床前研究表明，氨磷汀可预防辐射损伤以及化疗药物（如烷化剂和铂类化合物）引起的骨髓毒性、肾毒性和神经毒性。在某些情况下，氨磷汀可增强这些药物的抗肿瘤作用。氨磷汀还被证明可预防辐射和化疗诱导的诱变，从而预防致癌作用。使用氨磷汀可使放疗和抗癌治疗更安全、更有效。
