Johns D W
Department of Neurology, Sunrise Hospital and Medical Center, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Semin Pediatr Surg. 1995 Aug;4(3):152-6.
Vomiting in infants can be caused by a wide variety of neurological disorders. All involve stimulation of a central pattern generator for vomiting located in the brainstem, the nucleus tractus solitarius. This, in turn, projects to multiple motor nuclei involved in the vomiting reflex. The chemoreceptor trigger zone (the area postrema) in the floor of the fourth ventricle is a major afferent to the nucleus tractus solitarius that can be stimulated by pressure from hydrocephalus, closed head injuries, or tumors. Other neurological causes of vomiting discussed include migraine, epilepsy, and dysautonomia. The treatment of vomiting associated with nervous system disease may be very difficult unless the condition is acute and readily reversible.
婴儿呕吐可能由多种神经系统疾病引起。所有这些都涉及位于脑干孤束核的呕吐中枢模式发生器的刺激。反过来，这又投射到参与呕吐反射的多个运动核。第四脑室底部的化学感受器触发区（最后区）是孤束核的主要传入神经，可因脑积水、闭合性颅脑损伤或肿瘤产生的压力而受到刺激。讨论的其他呕吐的神经学原因包括偏头痛、癫痫和自主神经功能障碍。除非病情是急性且易于逆转的，否则治疗与神经系统疾病相关的呕吐可能非常困难。
