Saito Ryo, Takano Yukio, Kamiya Hiro-O
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Japan.
J Pharmacol Sci. 2003 Feb;91(2):87-94. doi: 10.1254/jphs.91.87.
The emetic response is primarily a protective reflex occurring in a wide variety of vertebrates in response to the ingestion of toxic compounds. The role of the nuclei in the brainstem, including the area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and the central pattern generator for vomiting, as well as the involvement of the abdominal visceral innervation relevant to the emetic reflex, have all been discussed by many researchers. The introduction of serotonin 5-HT(3)-receptor antagonists into clinical practice allowed for a dramatic improvement in the management of vomiting. However, vomiting still remains a significant problem. The mechanism of the emetic response is even more complicated than was first thought. This review attempts to bring together some of the evidence suggesting the roles of substance P and its receptor, neurokinin NK(1) receptor, in the brainstem nuclei in the development of emesis. Accordingly, NK(1)-receptor antagonists might represent novel drugs for the management of major types of emesis.
催吐反应主要是一种保护性反射，在多种脊椎动物中，当摄入有毒化合物时会发生这种反应。许多研究人员都讨论过脑干中的核团，包括最后区、孤束核、迷走神经背运动核以及呕吐的中枢模式发生器的作用，还有与催吐反射相关的腹部内脏神经支配的参与情况。5-羟色胺5-HT(3)受体拮抗剂引入临床实践后，呕吐的治疗有了显著改善。然而，呕吐仍然是一个重大问题。催吐反应的机制比最初认为的还要复杂。这篇综述试图汇集一些证据，表明P物质及其受体神经激肽NK(1)受体在脑干核团中呕吐发生过程中的作用。因此，NK(1)受体拮抗剂可能代表了用于治疗主要类型呕吐的新型药物。
