Ashton C M, Ferguson J A, Goldacre M J
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Oxford, UK.
QJM. 1995 Sep;88(9):661-72.
We analysed hospital use for 58 common clinical conditions in the medical specialties, using data from the two districts covered by the Oxford record linkage study 1968-1986. Episode rates, person rates, and ratios of multiple admissions per person were computed. In young adults, poisoning was the most common reason for admission. In older adults, the most common clinical conditions included atherosclerotic diseases and smoking-related lung diseases. Comparing the first and last time periods studied, admission rates increased by 10% or more in 37 of the 58 conditions, including 7 of the 10 conditions with the highest overall hospitalization rates. Conditions in which admissions increased by 10% or more included myocardial infarction, other ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, pneumonia, diabetes, poisoning, dementia, prostate cancer and breast cancer among others. Workload declined by 10% or more in 13 conditions, including stroke, subarachnoid haemorrhage, hypertension, thyrotoxicosis, acquired hypothyroidism, and tuberculosis. Secular trends in hospital use are generally attributable either to changes in disease frequency in the population or to changes in clinic- or hospital-based technology and practice.
我们利用牛津记录链接研究（1968 - 1986年）所涵盖的两个地区的数据，分析了医学专科中58种常见临床病症的住院情况。计算了发病率、人均发病率以及每人多次住院的比率。在年轻人中，中毒是最常见的入院原因。在老年人中，最常见的临床病症包括动脉粥样硬化疾病和与吸烟相关的肺部疾病。比较研究的第一个和最后一个时间段，58种病症中有37种的入院率上升了10%或更多，其中包括总体住院率最高的10种病症中的7种。入院率上升10%或更多的病症包括心肌梗死、其他缺血性心脏病、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、肺炎、糖尿病、中毒、痴呆、前列腺癌和乳腺癌等。13种病症的工作量下降了10%或更多，包括中风、蛛网膜下腔出血、高血压、甲状腺毒症、获得性甲状腺功能减退和结核病。住院情况的长期趋势通常归因于人群中疾病频率的变化，或者归因于基于诊所或医院的技术及实践的变化。
