De Maio A
Division of Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
New Horiz. 1995 May;3(2):198-207.
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of gene products that are expressed in response to stress in every living cell. This name was derived from early observations demonstrating their synthesis in fruit flies following elevations in temperature. More recently, a number of other environmental and pathological events have been observed to increase the expression of HSPs; consequently, they are also referred to as stress proteins. After expression of the stress genes, cells become resistant to subsequent stresses. This phenomenon has been termed "stress tolerance." The mechanisms by which stress tolerance is achieved are still poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that stress tolerance is, at least in part, due to the stabilization of cellular processes such as protein synthesis. Expression of HSPs has been observed during clinically relevant situations, especially under conditions in which the delivery of oxygen is diminished (e.g., hemorrhage, ischemia). Since the expression of HSPs is part of the cellular defense system protecting cells from harmful conditions, the regulation of their expression may be useful as a preventative measure prior to surgical manipulations, such as organ transplantation.
热休克蛋白（HSPs）是一类基因产物家族，在每个活细胞受到应激时都会表达。这个名称源于早期的观察结果，即果蝇在温度升高后会合成这些蛋白。最近，人们观察到许多其他环境和病理事件也会增加热休克蛋白的表达；因此，它们也被称为应激蛋白。应激基因表达后，细胞会对随后的应激产生抗性。这种现象被称为“应激耐受”。实现应激耐受的机制仍知之甚少。最近的证据表明，应激耐受至少部分是由于蛋白质合成等细胞过程的稳定。在临床相关情况下，尤其是在氧气供应减少的条件下（如出血、缺血），已观察到热休克蛋白的表达。由于热休克蛋白的表达是细胞防御系统的一部分，可保护细胞免受有害条件的影响，因此其表达的调控可能作为手术操作（如器官移植）前的预防措施。
