Bruce M L, Hoff R A, Jacobs S C, Leaf P J
Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995 Nov;50(6):P289-96. doi: 10.1093/geronb/50b.6.p289.
Using 9-year mortality data on a community sample of 3,560 adults aged 40 and over, this study assessed the effects of cognitive functioning and one-year declines in cognitive functioning on mortality controlling for comorbid chronic medical illness, physical disability, and psychiatric illness. The study determined the 9-year vital status and, among the decreased, date of death of respondents who were first interviewed in 1980 by the New Haven Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study. Mortality risk by cognitive functioning, as assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), was estimated using Cox Proportional Hazards Models controlling for baseline assessments of physical and mental health. For both men and women, lower scores on the MMSE decreased the risk of survival, although the effect was stronger for younger respondents than older respondents. Decline in MMSE scores over the course of one year had no additional effect on mortality beyond the resulting MMSE score. Cause-specific mortality was also examined.
本研究利用对3560名40岁及以上成年人社区样本的9年死亡率数据，评估了认知功能及认知功能在一年内的下降对死亡率的影响，并对合并的慢性疾病、身体残疾和精神疾病进行了控制。该研究确定了9年的生命状态，以及1980年首次接受纽黑文流行病学集水区研究访谈的受访者中已故者的死亡日期。通过简易精神状态检查表（MMSE）评估的认知功能导致的死亡风险，是使用Cox比例风险模型估计的，该模型对身心健康的基线评估进行了控制。对于男性和女性而言，MMSE得分较低会降低生存风险，尽管年轻受访者的这种影响比年长受访者更强。在一年时间里MMSE得分的下降，除了最终的MMSE得分外，对死亡率没有额外影响。研究还考察了特定病因的死亡率。
