Robison J, Moen P, Dempster-McClain D
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995 Nov;50(6):S362-73. doi: 10.1093/geronb/50b.6.s362.
This study draws on panel data from a random sample of 293 wives and mothers, interviewed in 1956 and 1986, to: (1) examine changes in women's caregiving experiences across four different birth cohorts, and (2) assess the likelihood of women becoming caregivers. Women born in the late 1920s and early 1930s reported more episodes of caring for members of an older generation, for disabled children, and for more than one person at a time than women born prior to 1926. The percentage of women with two or more episodes of caregiving increases significantly from the earliest (born 1905-1917) to the most recent cohort (born 1927-1934). Using event history analysis, we tested the effects of social structural variables and subjective dispositions, as well as the number, duration, and timing of competing roles, on the likelihood of women becoming caregivers. We find that women with more traditional life styles are more likely to become caregivers; however, potentially competing roles, such as employment, do not seem to decrease, and actually are positively related to, the likelihood of caregiving. To consider various pathways to caregiving, we also conduct subgroup analyses by cohort and educational level.
本研究利用了1956年和1986年对293名妻子和母亲的随机抽样调查所获得的面板数据，以：（1）考察四代不同出生队列中女性照顾经历的变化，以及（2）评估女性成为照顾者的可能性。与1926年以前出生的女性相比，出生于20世纪20年代末和30年代初的女性报告照顾长辈、残疾儿童以及同时照顾多人的次数更多。有两次或更多次照顾经历的女性比例从最早的队列（出生于1905 - 1917年）到最近的队列（出生于1927 - 1934年）显著增加。我们使用事件史分析方法，检验了社会结构变量、主观倾向以及竞争角色的数量、持续时间和时间安排对女性成为照顾者可能性的影响。我们发现，生活方式更传统的女性更有可能成为照顾者；然而，诸如就业等潜在的竞争角色似乎并不会降低，实际上还与成为照顾者的可能性呈正相关。为了考察成为照顾者的各种途径，我们还按队列和教育水平进行了亚组分析。
