Moen P, Robison J, Dempster-McClain D
Bronfenbrenner Life Course Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 1995 Sep;36(3):259-73.
This study demonstrates the utility of incorporating a life course, role context approach in investigations of the ties between particular roles and psychological well-being, using the links between women's caregiving and well-being as a case in point. We draw on panel data from a random sample of 293 women interviewed in 1956 and 1986, considering both current role occupancy and the duration of caregiving as well as a number of factors that may moderate the effects of caregiving on well-being. We find, using ordinary least squares regression, that the effects of caregiving on women's emotional health are moderated by their previous psychological well-being, with caregivers with high prior well-being reporting high subsequent well-being. Other moderators are previous social integration (in the form of religiosity and multiple-role involvements) and other nonfamily roles (worker and volunteer) currently occupied. What women bring to caregiving (in terms of their previous social integration and psychological well-being) shapes its significance for their emotional health. Moreover, the duration and timing of caregiving in women's lives also relate to its effects on their well-being. These findings point to the importance of examining the impacts of particular social roles, such as caregiving, in the context of other roles and resources.
本研究以女性照料与幸福感之间的联系为例，展示了在调查特定角色与心理健康之间的关系时采用生命历程、角色背景方法的实用性。我们利用了1956年和1986年对293名女性进行随机抽样访谈得到的面板数据，考虑了当前角色占据情况、照料时长以及一些可能调节照料对幸福感影响的因素。我们通过普通最小二乘法回归发现，照料对女性情绪健康的影响受到她们先前心理健康状况的调节，先前幸福感高的照料者随后报告的幸福感也高。其他调节因素包括先前的社会融合（以宗教信仰和多重角色参与的形式）以及目前所占据的其他非家庭角色（工作者和志愿者）。女性在照料中所具备的因素（就其先前的社会融合和心理健康而言）塑造了照料对其情绪健康的重要性。此外，女性生命中照料的时长和时机也与其对照料者幸福感的影响相关。这些发现表明，在其他角色和资源的背景下审视特定社会角色（如照料）的影响具有重要意义。
