Taub D D, Oppenheim J J
Clinical Support Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702, USA.
Ther Immunol. 1994 Aug;1(4):229-46.
The chemokine superfamily comprise two families of small secreted proteins that, with the exception of RANTES, beta-TG, and PF-4, are not expressed in resting cells but are rapidly induced in response to various inflammatory and mitogenic stimuli. These proteins function as chemoattractants and activating agents for inflammatory cells. At present, it appears that each of the chemokines have some activities that are unique and many that are overlapping. Important areas that still need to be unravelled are the signal transduction pathways that lead to induction of these genes and the identification of the serpentine receptors and signal transduction pathways that are activated by these proteins. alpha and beta chemokines are implicated as major participants in acute as well as chronic inflammatory reactions, inhibition of haematopoeisis, modulation of angiogenesis, and fibroplasia. Chemokines that act on T lymphocytes presumably influence the recruitment of immunocompetent cells to inflammatory sites. Although there is no evidence that chemokines play a role in the induction of immune reactions, they undoubtedly promote the effector limb of immunity. The likely possibility that chemokines may also contribute to the normal homing and distribution of leukocytes also needs to be evaluated. Although chemokines obviously have major differentiative effects on the functions of target cells, the possibility that they act as costimulants of cell growth also needs more study. Finally, chemokines are attractive targets for the development of new therapeutic agents. Inhibition of their activities may be an effective anti-inflammatory strategy; promoting their activity might enhance wound healing and tissue repair.
趋化因子超家族由两个小分泌蛋白家族组成，除RANTES、β - TG和PF - 4外，这些蛋白在静息细胞中不表达，但在各种炎症和促有丝分裂刺激下会迅速被诱导表达。这些蛋白作为炎症细胞的趋化剂和激活剂发挥作用。目前看来，每种趋化因子都有一些独特的活性，也有许多重叠的活性。仍有待阐明的重要领域包括导致这些基因诱导的信号转导途径，以及识别由这些蛋白激活的蛇形受体和信号转导途径。α和β趋化因子被认为是急性和慢性炎症反应、造血抑制、血管生成调节和成纤维细胞增生的主要参与者。作用于T淋巴细胞的趋化因子可能影响免疫活性细胞向炎症部位的募集。虽然没有证据表明趋化因子在免疫反应的诱导中起作用，但它们无疑促进了免疫效应阶段。趋化因子也可能有助于白细胞的正常归巢和分布这一可能性也需要评估。虽然趋化因子显然对靶细胞的功能有主要的分化作用，但它们作为细胞生长共刺激剂的可能性也需要更多研究。最后，趋化因子是开发新治疗药物的有吸引力的靶点。抑制它们的活性可能是一种有效的抗炎策略；促进它们的活性可能会增强伤口愈合和组织修复。
