Gilbert C E, Wood M, Waddel K, Foster A
Dept. Preventive Ophthalmol, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, England, U.K.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1995 Jun;2(2):77-84. doi: 10.3109/09286589509057086.
Pupils attending 12 schools for the blind in Malawi, 3 schools in Kenya and 2 schools in Uganda were examined to determine the causes of severe visual impairment or blindness (visual acuity in the better eye of less than 6/60). A total of 491 pupils aged 3-22 years was examined. Visual acuity was measured in each eye using a Snellen E chart. The anatomical site of abnormality and underlying cause of visual loss were determined by clinical examination for each eye, and for the child. Information was recorded on a standard reporting form (the WHO/PBL Eye Examination Record for Children with Blindness and Low Vision). Data were analysed for those aged less than 16 years using a database which accompanies the form. Preventable and treatable causes were identified. 260 pupils aged 5-20 years were examined in Malawi, 163 pupils aged 3-19 years were examined in Kenya and 68 pupils aged 6-22 years were examined in Uganda. Of the 491 students included in the study 309 (62.9%) were blind (BL) and 69 (14.1%) were severely visually impaired (SVI). 244 were aged less than 16 years and had SVI/BL. In these 244 children 35.2% of visual loss was due to corneal pathology, 13.5% was due to cataract and 14.8% to diseases of the retina. Corneal pathology, attributed to vitamin A deficiency and measles infection in the majority, was responsible for proportionally more SVI/BL in students in Malawi than in Uganda or Kenya.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
对马拉维12所盲人学校、肯尼亚3所盲人学校和乌干达2所盲人学校的学生进行了检查，以确定严重视力损害或失明（较好眼视力低于6/60）的原因。共检查了491名3至22岁的学生。使用斯内伦E字表测量每只眼睛的视力。通过对每只眼睛以及对儿童进行临床检查，确定异常的解剖部位和视力丧失的潜在原因。信息记录在标准报告表（世界卫生组织/防盲和低视力合作中心儿童眼检查记录表）上。使用该表格附带的数据库对16岁以下的儿童数据进行分析。确定了可预防和可治疗的病因。在马拉维检查了260名5至20岁的学生，在肯尼亚检查了163名3至19岁的学生，在乌干达检查了68名6至22岁的学生。在纳入研究的491名学生中，309名（62.9%）失明，69名（14.1%）有严重视力损害。244名年龄小于16岁，有严重视力损害/失明。在这244名儿童中，35.2%的视力丧失是由于角膜病变，13.5%是由于白内障，14.8%是由于视网膜疾病。角膜病变在大多数情况下归因于维生素A缺乏和麻疹感染，与乌干达或肯尼亚相比，马拉维学生中因角膜病变导致的严重视力损害/失明比例更高。（摘要截断于250字）
