Fries C L, Remedios A M
Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Radiology and Surgery, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Can Vet J. 1995 Aug;36(8):494-502.
Hip dysplasia is a common developmental problem affecting the canine population. Despite extensive research into the condition, many questions remain unanswered and numerous misconceptions are present among the general public. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the development of hip dysplasia, factors modifying its development, and current diagnostic techniques.A computerized literature search was conducted for the period of January 1983 to April 1985 using the MEDLINE and CAB databases, and the keywords hip dysplasia, hip, dog, and canine. Other articles,wherever possible original research articles, published before 1983 were also reviewed. Animals affected by hip dysplasia are born with normal hips, but quickly develop subluxation of the femoral head. Degenerative joint disease follows. Hip dysplasia is a complex, inherited, polygenic trait. Selective breeding of only normal dogs with normal littermates, parents, and grandparents is there commended method of reducing the incidence in the general population.Gene expression in affected individuals may be modified by a number of environmental factors. These factors do not cause hip dysplasia, but they alter manifestations of the trait and its severity. Nutrition is a major environmental factor. Excess energy consumption increases the frequency and severity of hip dysplasia in genetically predisposed dogs. Food intake should be regulated to maintain a slender figure with the ribs and dorsal vertebral spines easily palpable, but not visible. Excess dietary calcium and vitamin D contribute to hip dysplasia in genetically predisposed individuals and should be avoided. High dose vitamin C supplementation ingrowing puppies does not prevent hip dysplasia, and this practice should be discontinued. Animals must be 2 years old before they can be certified as normal, but the disease may be diagnosed earlier. Earlier diagnosis of the condition would be very useful for the selection of breeding stock, but palpation techniques and the standard extended view radiographs have unacceptably high rates of error in young puppies. Stress radiography techniques may improve the accuracy of early diagnosis in the future.
髋关节发育不良是影响犬类种群的常见发育问题。尽管对该病症进行了广泛研究，但许多问题仍未得到解答，而且公众中存在众多误解。本文的目的是综述关于髋关节发育不良的发展、影响其发展的因素以及当前诊断技术的现有知识。
利用MEDLINE和CAB数据库，对1983年1月至1985年4月期间进行了计算机化文献检索，关键词为髋关节发育不良、髋部、狗和犬科动物。还查阅了1983年以前发表的其他文章，尽可能查阅原始研究文章。
受髋关节发育不良影响的动物出生时髋关节正常，但股骨头很快就会出现半脱位。继而会发生退行性关节病。髋关节发育不良是一种复杂的、遗传性的多基因性状。推荐的减少总体发病率的方法是只选择与正常同窝仔犬、父母和祖父母均正常的正常犬进行选择性繁殖。
受影响个体的基因表达可能会受到多种环境因素的影响。这些因素不会导致髋关节发育不良，但它们会改变该性状的表现及其严重程度。营养是一个主要的环境因素。能量消耗过多会增加具有遗传易感性的犬类髋关节发育不良的发生率和严重程度。应调节食物摄入量，以保持身材苗条，肋骨和背椎棘突易于触摸但不可见。过量的膳食钙和维生素D会导致具有遗传易感性的个体患髋关节发育不良，应避免摄入。在幼犬生长过程中补充高剂量维生素C并不能预防髋关节发育不良，这种做法应该停止。动物必须年满2岁才能被认证为正常，但该病可能更早被诊断出来。对该病进行早期诊断对于种畜的选择非常有用，但触诊技术和标准的伸展位X线片在幼犬中的误诊率高得令人无法接受。应力X线摄影技术可能会提高未来早期诊断的准确性。
