Pinna Stefania, Tassani Chiara, Antonino Alessandro, Vezzoni Aldo
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy.
Clinica Veterinaria Vezzoni, Via delle Vigne, 190, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Oct 15;12(20):2788. doi: 10.3390/ani12202788.
Hip dysplasia is a disabling orthopedic disease in dogs. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the morphological aspects and radiographic changes in the development of hip dysplasia in adult dogs, and to describe the frequency of each radiographic parameter according to each Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) grade. Brass descriptive forms for the evaluation of hip dysplasia were obtained from the archive of the Italian Fondazione Salute Animale, and the radiographic evaluation of 642 hips were processed. Sixteen radiographic criteria were assessed, divided into six main parameters: acetabulum, femoral head and its position in the acetabulum, femoral neck, joint space, and Norberg angle. The initial mild alterations were shown in the craniolateral acetabular rim (31.8%), slightly divergent in the joint space in 58.6% of FCI-A. The spherical shape of the femoral head was mildly small/flattened in 56.9% of FCI-B, in addition to a slightly cylindrical-shaped femoral neck (60.5%) and slightly lost contours (55.0%). Changes in acetabular depth (45.0%), and in the cranial acetabular margin (56.7%) were found in FCI-C. The center of the femoral head was lateral to the dorsal acetabular rim in 70.0% of FCI-B; the Norberg angle appeared normal in 70.6% of FCI-B. Elaboration of the radiographic criteria from the Brass descriptive forms allowed for the extrapolation of accurate knowledge regarding morphologic changes in the development of dysplasia by providing detailed information for each individual. In particular, the present survey showed that the morphological alterations of the acetabulum prevailed over those of the femoral head only at the beginning of the development of canine hip dysplasia, and then worsened after the changes occurred in the femoral head and neck.
髋关节发育不良是犬类的一种致残性骨科疾病。这项回顾性研究的目的是评估成年犬髋关节发育不良发展过程中的形态学特征和影像学变化，并根据国际犬业联盟（FCI）的各个等级描述每个影像学参数的出现频率。从意大利动物健康基金会的档案中获取用于评估髋关节发育不良的布拉斯描述表格，并对642个髋关节进行了影像学评估。评估了16项影像学标准，分为六个主要参数：髋臼、股骨头及其在髋臼中的位置、股骨颈、关节间隙和诺伯格角。最初的轻度改变出现在髋臼前外侧边缘（31.8%），在FCI-A级中，58.6%的关节间隙略有增宽。在FCI-B级中，56.9%的股骨头呈轻度小/扁平状球形，此外，60.5%的股骨颈略呈圆柱形，55.0%的轮廓略有消失。在FCI-C级中发现髋臼深度（45.0%）和髋臼前缘（56.7%）有变化。在FCI-B级中，70.0%的股骨头中心位于髋臼背侧边缘外侧；在FCI-B级中，70.6%的诺伯格角显示正常。通过对布拉斯描述表格中的影像学标准进行详细阐述，为每个个体提供了详细信息，从而能够推断出关于发育异常过程中形态学变化的准确知识。特别是，本次调查表明，在犬髋关节发育不良的发展初期，髋臼的形态学改变仅比股骨头的改变更为明显，而在股骨头和股骨颈发生变化后，髋臼的改变则会恶化。
