Aso T, Conaway J W, Conaway R C
Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
FASEB J. 1995 Nov;9(14):1419-28. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.9.14.7589983.
The initiation stage of transcription by RNA polymerase II has long been regarded as the primary site for regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Nevertheless, a growing body of evidence reveals that the RNA polymerase II elongation complex is also a major target for regulation. Biochemical studies are implicating an increasing number of transcription factors in the regulation of elongation, and these transcription factors are being found to function by a diverse collection of mechanisms. Moreover, unexpected features of the structure and catalytic mechanism of RNA polymerase II are forcing a reconsideration of long-held views on the mechanics of some of the most basic aspects of polymerase function. In this review, we will describe recent insights into the structures and functions of RNA polymerase II and the transcription factors that control its activity during the elongation stage of eukaryotic messenger RNA synthesis.
长期以来，RNA聚合酶II转录的起始阶段一直被视为真核基因表达调控的主要位点。然而，越来越多的证据表明，RNA聚合酶II延伸复合物也是调控的主要靶点。生化研究表明，越来越多的转录因子参与延伸调控，并且发现这些转录因子通过多种机制发挥作用。此外，RNA聚合酶II结构和催化机制的意外特征迫使人们重新审视关于聚合酶功能一些最基本方面机制的长期观点。在本综述中，我们将描述对RNA聚合酶II以及在真核信使RNA合成延伸阶段控制其活性的转录因子的结构和功能的最新见解。
