Hussein A M
Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 1995 Jul;34(7):470-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb00612.x.
Alopecia is one of the most physically and psychologically distressing side effect of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In the past 2 years, we reported that: (a) treatment of 8-day-old rats with 1-B-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C), doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (CYC) consistently produced alopecia; (b) Imuvert, a biological response modifier, produced complete protection against alopecia induced by Ara-C and doxorubicin, but not that produced by CYC, most probably through the release of interleukin-1; and (c) n-acetylcysteine protected against CYC-induced alopecia in the newborn rat.
As an extension to these observations, we chose to test the efficacy of minoxidil, a drug known to be a hypertrichotic agent, in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia in the newborn rat animal model.
Minoxidil, when injected locally, offered good local prevention against Ara-C but not CYC-induced alopecia. Minoxidil 2% dissolved in a vehicle of ethanol, propylene glycol, and water was not effective when applied topically.
The mechanism of action of minoxidil in its prevention against Ara-C-induced alopecia is currently unknown. This observation may shed some light on the in vivo mechanism of action of minoxidil and may prove to be important in our efforts to search for agents to prevent alopecia among patients receiving chemotherapy.
脱发是癌症化疗药物最令人身心痛苦的副作用之一。在过去两年中，我们报告了：（a）用1-β-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基胞嘧啶（阿糖胞苷）、阿霉素和环磷酰胺（CYC）治疗8日龄大鼠会持续导致脱发；（b）生物反应调节剂免疫增强剂对阿糖胞苷和阿霉素诱导的脱发有完全保护作用，但对CYC诱导的脱发无保护作用，很可能是通过白细胞介素-1的释放；（c）N-乙酰半胱氨酸可保护新生大鼠免受CYC诱导的脱发。
作为这些观察结果的延伸，我们选择在新生大鼠动物模型中测试已知为毛发增多剂的米诺地尔预防化疗诱导脱发的疗效。
局部注射米诺地尔对阿糖胞苷诱导的脱发有良好的局部预防作用，但对CYC诱导的脱发无效。溶解于乙醇、丙二醇和水的载体中的2%米诺地尔局部应用时无效。
米诺地尔预防阿糖胞苷诱导脱发的作用机制目前尚不清楚。这一观察结果可能有助于揭示米诺地尔的体内作用机制，并可能在我们寻找预防化疗患者脱发的药物的努力中证明是重要的。
