Furnham A
Department of Psychology, University College London.
J Clin Psychol. 1995 Jul;51(4):518-25. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(199507)51:4<518::aid-jclp2270510408>3.0.co;2-i.
One hundred fifty people completed a two-part questionnaire that investigates beliefs about the nature and cure of phobia. The questionnaire was derived from interviews with people as well as a content analysis of salient literature. Both parts of the questionnaire had a fairly complex, but interpretable, factor structure. Five factors emerged from the 23-item attitude section: the idea that certain personality factors related to phobia; there are physical correlates of phobia; observational learning causes phobia; phobias are caused by behavioral pairing; and, finally, Freudian ideas of unconscious association. The 13-item treatment section showed four factors: alternative medical practices; psycho-analytic practices, desensitization, and flooding. There was a clear and logical relationship between perceptions of the causes and treatment of phobia. The study demonstrates that lay people have coherent theories of the etiology and cure of phobia.
150人完成了一份由两部分组成的调查问卷，该问卷调查了人们对恐惧症本质和治疗方法的看法。这份问卷源自对人们的访谈以及对重要文献的内容分析。问卷的两个部分都有一个相当复杂但可解释的因素结构。在由23个项目组成的态度部分中出现了五个因素：与恐惧症相关的某些人格因素的观点；恐惧症存在身体方面的关联；观察学习导致恐惧症；恐惧症由行为配对引起；最后是弗洛伊德的无意识联想观点。由13个项目组成的治疗部分显示出四个因素：替代医学疗法；精神分析疗法、脱敏疗法和冲击疗法。人们对恐惧症病因和治疗方法的认知之间存在明确且合乎逻辑的关系。该研究表明，外行人对恐惧症的病因和治疗有连贯的理论。
