Leasure R, McKenney L A, Merrill A
College of Nursing, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73190, USA.
J Prof Nurs. 1995 Sep-Oct;11(5):299-305. doi: 10.1016/s8755-7223(05)80011-0.
Using stigma theory described by Goffman (1963), a descriptive correlational study was conducted to identify factors that influence nursing students' attitudes toward persons living with AIDS (PLWAs). Two hundred ten baccalaureate nursing students completed a three-part questionnaire consisting of a demographic data sheet, AIDS Knowledge Scale (AKS), and AIDS Attitude Scale (AAS). The AKS, 15 true/false questions, covered general aspects of AIDS knowledge. Attitudes toward PLWAs were assessed using the AAS, a series of five vignettes each followed by a 16-item Likert scale. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that student status, AIDS knowledge, ideology, ethnicity, and age influenced nursing students' attitudes toward PLWA. Variables that did not enter the regression equation were years of work experience, gender, religion, type of significant interaction with PLWAs, and heart-changing experiences. Students who demonstrated the most stigmatizing attitudes were conservative, had more nursing education, less AIDS knowledge, or were noncaucasian.
采用戈夫曼（1963年）描述的污名理论，开展了一项描述性相关性研究，以确定影响护理专业学生对艾滋病患者（PLWAs）态度的因素。210名护理学学士学生完成了一份由三部分组成的问卷，包括人口数据表、艾滋病知识量表（AKS）和艾滋病态度量表（AAS）。AKS有15道是非题，涵盖了艾滋病知识的一般方面。使用AAS评估对艾滋病患者的态度，AAS由一系列五个 vignette 组成，每个 vignette 后面跟着一个16项的李克特量表。逐步多元回归表明，学生身份、艾滋病知识、意识形态、种族和年龄影响护理专业学生对艾滋病患者的态度。未进入回归方程的变量有工作年限、性别、宗教、与艾滋病患者的重要互动类型以及心灵转变经历。表现出最具污名化态度的学生较为保守，接受过更多护理教育，艾滋病知识较少，或者是非白人。
