Levi L
J Occup Med. 1979 Jan;21(1):26-32.
Work should respect the worker's life and health, leave him free time for rest and leisure, and enable him to serve society and achieve self-fulfillment by developing his personal capacities. This is not what work looks like to hundreds of millions of workers all over the world. Occupational stress arises where discrepancies exist between occupational demands and opportunities on the one hand and the worker's capacities, needs and expectations on the other. Ill effects are mediated by three classes of mechanisms: (1) feelings of distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, alienation, etc); (2) behaviors (e.g., increase in alcohol and tobacco consumption, risk taking, self-destructive behavior, etc.); and (3) hyper-, hypo- and dysfunction in various organs and organ systems (e.g., physiological stress reactions as described by Selye; specific changes in endocrine and immunological function, etc.). These effects are common and they are a challenge to occupational medicine. Work environments are man-made and can be adapted by man for man. Local, national and international monitoring of occupational health should be aimed at making work man's servant and not his master.
工作应尊重劳动者的生命与健康，为其留出休息和休闲的自由时间，并使其能够通过发展个人能力服务社会并实现自我价值。然而，对于全球数亿劳动者来说，工作并非如此。职业压力产生于一方面职业要求和机会与另一方面劳动者的能力、需求和期望之间存在差异之时。不良影响通过三类机制介导：（1）痛苦情绪（如焦虑、抑郁、疏离感等）；（2）行为（如酒精和烟草消费增加、冒险行为、自我毁灭行为等）；以及（3）各器官和器官系统的功能亢进、功能减退和功能障碍（如塞利所描述的生理应激反应；内分泌和免疫功能的特定变化等）。这些影响很常见，对职业医学构成挑战。工作环境是人为创造的，人类可以使其适应自身。地方、国家和国际层面的职业健康监测应旨在使工作成为人类的仆人而非主人。
