Sternlicht M
J Psychol. 1979 Jan;101(1st Half):67-71. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1979.9915053.
The patterns of fears of institutionalized mentally retarded adults were studied in a sample of i2 moderately retarded men and women between the ages of 21-49. The direct questioning method was employed. Two interviews were held, two weeks apart; the first interview elicited the Ss' fears, while the second concerned the fears of their friends. A total of 146 responses were obtained, and these were categorized according to the types of fears: supernatural-natural events, animals, physical injury, psychological stress, egocentric responses, and no fears. The Ss displayed a higher percentage of fears in the preoperational stage than in the concrete operational stage. In a comparison of male to female fears, only one category, that of fears of animals, reached significance. The study suggested that the same developmental trend of fears that appears in normal children appears in the retarded as well, and these fears follow Piaget's level of cognitive development, proceeding from egocentric perceptions of causality to realistic cause and effect thinking.
对12名年龄在21至49岁之间的中度智障成年男性和女性样本进行了关于机构化智障成年人恐惧模式的研究。采用了直接提问法。进行了两次访谈，间隔两周；第一次访谈引出了受试者的恐惧，而第二次访谈涉及他们朋友的恐惧。共获得146条回答，并根据恐惧类型进行了分类：超自然-自然事件、动物、身体伤害、心理压力、自我中心反应和无恐惧。与具体运算阶段相比，受试者在前运算阶段表现出更高比例的恐惧。在对男性和女性恐惧的比较中，只有一个类别，即对动物的恐惧，具有显著性差异。该研究表明，正常儿童中出现的恐惧发展趋势在智障儿童中也同样出现，并且这些恐惧遵循皮亚杰的认知发展水平，从以自我为中心的因果感知发展到现实的因果思维。
