Williams C B, Litvak A S, McRoberts J W
J Urol. 1979 Jan;121(1):125-6. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)56691-4.
The occurrence of epididymitis in infants suggests the presence of urinary infection and the likelihood of an associated structural genitourinary abnormality, requiring complete urologic investigation. The advent of testicular scanning and the ultrasonic stethoscope, coupled with an increased index of suspicion, makes possible the non-operative diagnosis and management of a condition usually made by surgical exploration.
婴儿附睾炎的出现提示存在泌尿系统感染以及合并泌尿生殖系统结构异常的可能性，需要进行全面的泌尿外科检查。睾丸扫描和超声听诊器的出现，再加上更高的怀疑指数，使得通常通过手术探查才能诊断和处理的疾病有可能实现非手术诊断和处理。
