Baldwin J H
College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 1995 Jun;12(3):159-64. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-1446.1995.tb00004.x.
Promoting the health of communities has been the rallying cry (now renewed) from the nation's top public health officials. Public health nurses have always stressed community health promotion, not only in their work but also in the educating of future public health nurses. Facilitating the shift from focusing primarily upon secondary and tertiary prevention, individual, and disease-oriented processes is a constant challenge, given the current health care and reimbursement systems. The objectives of this paper are: to give a brief historical review of the nation's health objectives, other recent pertinent documents, and early public health nursing's emphases regarding community health promotion; to give a selected overview of recent community health promotion programs implemented by community and public health nurses in nursing education and practice; and to focus on present challenges to nursing in implementing community health promotion.
促进社区健康一直是美国顶尖公共卫生官员反复强调的口号（如今再次强调）。公共卫生护士一直强调社区健康促进，不仅在工作中如此，在培养未来公共卫生护士方面也是如此。鉴于当前的医疗保健和报销系统，推动从主要关注二级和三级预防、个体以及以疾病为导向的过程向其他方面转变，始终是一项挑战。本文的目的是：简要回顾美国的健康目标、近期其他相关文件以及早期公共卫生护理在社区健康促进方面的重点；精选概述社区和公共卫生护士在护理教育与实践中实施的近期社区健康促进项目；并着重探讨护理在实施社区健康促进方面目前面临的挑战。
