Matarasso A
Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1995 Mar-Apr;19(2):141-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00450250.
Forehead-brow rhytidoplasty has evolved from a procedure primarily advocated for brow ptosis, to one in which a group of deformities are routinely addressed. It has also become evident that the surgical results stem from wide undermining with release of the periosteum and the concomitant alteration of the forehead muscles and not necessarily from skin lifting using elevation/excision ratios. Therefore, with the introduction of endoscopically assisted techniques to plastic surgery, the indications for a long forehead incision and its untoward sequelae have to be reconsidered. The anatomic basis for minimally invasive forehead-brow rhytidoplasty and three types of procedures are discussed. These include Type I--complete, endoscopically assisted forehead-brow rhytidoplasty; Type II--segmental, in conjunction with facelift surgery; and Type III--isolated, frown-muscle modification. The role of fixation (external support, internal suspension, or excision techniques) is described. Results suggest that these options provide a worthwhile alternative to traditional "open" techniques in certain circumstances, although some relevant questions remain unresolved.
额部-眉部除皱术已从主要用于治疗眉下垂的手术发展为一种常规处理一系列畸形的手术。同样明显的是，手术效果源于广泛的骨膜下剥离以及额部肌肉的相应改变，而不一定源于采用提升/切除比例的皮肤提拉。因此，随着内镜辅助技术引入整形手术，必须重新考虑长额部切口的适应证及其不良后果。本文讨论了微创额部-眉部除皱术的解剖学基础及三种手术类型。这些包括：I型——完全内镜辅助额部-眉部除皱术；II型——分段式，联合面部提升手术；III型——单独的皱眉肌矫正术。还描述了固定（外部支撑、内部悬吊或切除技术）的作用。结果表明，在某些情况下，这些方法为传统的“开放式”技术提供了有价值的替代方案，尽管一些相关问题仍未解决。
