Brown K H, Sanchez-Griñan M, Perez F, Peerson J M, Ganoza L, Stern J S
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jul;62(1):13-8. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/62.1.13.
To develop recommendations for the design of special foods for young children, we measured total daily energy consumption from semisolid food mixtures with energy densities of 1.67, 2.93, 4.18, or 6.28 kJ/g (0.4, 0.7, 1.0, or 1.5 kcal/g) and that were fed ad libitum three, four, or five times per day to 18 fully weaned children from 6 to 18 mo of age who were recovering in the hospital from malnutrition. The diets were generally indistinguishable by sensory qualities, and were fed in a randomized sequence. The mean amounts consumed (g.kg body wt-1.d-1) were significantly less with successively greater energy density of the diet (P < 0.001). The total daily consumption was approximately 16% more when the number of meals was increased from three to four per day, with energy density controlled for (P < 0.001), and 7% more when the feeding frequency rose from four to five meals per day (P = 0.005). The total daily energy intakes (kJ.kg body wt-1.d-1) increased significantly with the more concentrated diets (P < 0.001) and varied positively in relation to feeding frequency (P < 0.001). Approximately 15-20 min were required per meal for the children to reach satiety. The total amount of time required to feed the children each day was related to the number of meals served (P < 0.001) and not to energy density. Implications for child feeding are discussed.
为制定针对幼儿特殊食品设计的建议，我们测量了18名6至18个月大、因营养不良正在医院康复的完全断奶儿童，自由进食能量密度分别为1.67、2.93、4.18或6.28 kJ/g（0.4、0.7、1.0或1.5 kcal/g）的半固体食物混合物时的每日总能量消耗。这些食物每天喂食3、4或5次，且饮食的感官品质通常无明显差异，并以随机顺序喂食。随着饮食能量密度的依次增加，平均摄入量（g·kg体重-1·d-1）显著减少（P<0.001）。在控制能量密度的情况下，每日总摄入量在每日进餐次数从3次增加到4次时约增加16%（P<0.001），在喂食频率从每天4次增加到5次时增加7%（P=0.005）。随着饮食浓度增加，每日总能量摄入量（kJ·kg体重-1·d-1）显著增加（P<0.001），且与喂食频率呈正相关（P<0.001）。每餐儿童达到饱腹感大约需要15 - 20分钟。每天喂养儿童所需的总时间与进餐次数有关（P<0.001），而与能量密度无关。文中讨论了对儿童喂养的影响。
