Esmail S, Bhambhani Y, Brintnell S
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Am J Occup Ther. 1995 May;49(5):405-11. doi: 10.5014/ajot.49.5.405.
The purposes of this study were to (a) establish biomechanical and physiological normative data for healthy young women performing three tasks on the Baltimore Therapeutic Equipment work simulator (BTE): wheel-turn, push-pull, and overhead-reach; and (b) compare these data with previously reported values for healthy men of a similar age group.
Twenty women completed five test sessions: (a) task familiarization on the BTE to determine the work intensity that was perceived as hard on the Borg scale, (b) incremental test on an arm crank ergometer to measure peak oxygen uptake (VO2) and peak heart rate (HR), and (c) one of the three tasks in random order for 4 min during the next three sessions. Physiological responses were monitored with a metabolic cart interfaced with an electrocardiogram.
Torque, work, and power during the three tasks were significantly higher (p < .05) in men than in women. The absolute VO2 (L.min-1) during these tasks was higher in men, but when the VO2 was calculated relative to body weight (ml.kg-1.min-1), no significant (p > .05) gender differences were observed. Computation of energy expenditure relative to body weight and power output (cal.kg-1.W-1) indicated that women expended significantly (p < .05) more energy than men. No significant (p > .05) gender differences were observed for VO2 and HR when the values were expressed as a percentage of their respective peaks.
Findings indicated that (a) the functional work capacity is significantly lower in women than in men, (b) women are less efficient than men when the energy expenditure is expressed per unit of body weight and power output, and (c) the relative physiological stress in men and women is similar under these conditions.
本研究的目的是：(a) 为健康年轻女性在巴尔的摩治疗设备工作模拟器（BTE）上执行三项任务（转动轮子、推拉、过头伸展）建立生物力学和生理学规范数据；(b) 将这些数据与先前报道的同年龄组健康男性的值进行比较。
20名女性完成了五个测试环节：(a) 在BTE上进行任务熟悉，以确定在Borg量表上被认为困难的工作强度；(b) 在手臂曲柄测力计上进行递增测试，以测量峰值摄氧量（VO2）和峰值心率（HR）；(c) 在接下来的三个环节中，以随机顺序进行三项任务中的一项，持续4分钟。使用与心电图相连的代谢车监测生理反应。
男性在三项任务中的扭矩、功和功率显著高于女性（p < 0.05）。男性在这些任务中的绝对VO2（L·min⁻¹）较高，但当VO2相对于体重计算（ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹）时，未观察到显著的性别差异（p > 0.05）。相对于体重和功率输出计算的能量消耗（cal·kg⁻¹·W⁻¹）表明，女性比男性消耗的能量显著更多（p < 0.05）。当VO2和HR的值以各自峰值的百分比表示时，未观察到显著的性别差异（p > 0.05）。
研究结果表明：(a) 女性的功能工作能力明显低于男性；(b) 当按单位体重和功率输出表示能量消耗时，女性的效率低于男性；(c) 在这些条件下，男性和女性的相对生理应激相似。
