Kotrla K J, Weinberger D R
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, NIMH Neuroscience Center at St. Elizabeth's, Washington, DC 20032, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 1995;46:113-22. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.46.1.113.
Neuroimaging provides an unprecedented means by which to study psychiatric disorders. Structural imaging methods, i.e. computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have revealed subtle differences in the brains of schizophrenic patients that appear to be present before symptom onset. Radionuclide functional methods such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have led to hypotheses about dysfunction in specific neuronal networks in schizophrenia. New advances in MRI allow functional data to be obtained noninvasively in a single individual using conventional MRI scanners. This chapter discusses the parallels between the historical technical developments in neuroimaging and the deepening understanding of the etiology and manifestations of schizophrenia.
神经影像学为研究精神疾病提供了前所未有的手段。结构成像方法，即计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI），已揭示出精神分裂症患者大脑中存在的细微差异，这些差异似乎在症状出现之前就已存在。放射性核素功能方法，如单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT）和正电子发射断层扫描（PET），引发了关于精神分裂症特定神经网络功能障碍的假说。MRI的新进展使得使用传统MRI扫描仪就能在个体中无创地获取功能数据。本章将探讨神经影像学的历史技术发展与对精神分裂症病因及表现的深入理解之间的相似之处。
