Berman E L
Department of ophthalmology, State University of New York, Buffalo, USA.
Geriatrics. 1995 Jul;50(7):34-6, 43-4.
Ocular signs and symptoms provide clinical clues to many of the more common metabolic and nutritional disorders seen in older adults. Diabetes mellitus can affect all parts of the eye and orbit. Complications include refractive visual loss, macular edema, retinopathy, increased risk of fungal infection, and diplopia. In patients with gout, urate crystals may precipitate in the eye and cause conjunctivitis, uveitis, or scleritis. Other problems are seen with Wilson's disease, hyperlipidemia, and albinism. Nutritional disorders usually arise from malabsorption, gastrointestinal surgery, and alcohol abuse. Deficiencies in vitamins A, B1 (thiamine), B12, and C may be manifest in the eye.
眼部体征和症状为老年人中许多较常见的代谢和营养紊乱提供了临床线索。糖尿病可影响眼睛和眼眶的各个部位。并发症包括屈光性视力丧失、黄斑水肿、视网膜病变、真菌感染风险增加和复视。在痛风患者中，尿酸盐结晶可能在眼部沉淀并导致结膜炎、葡萄膜炎或巩膜炎。威尔逊病、高脂血症和白化病也会出现其他眼部问题。营养紊乱通常源于吸收不良、胃肠道手术和酗酒。维生素A、B1（硫胺素）、B12和C的缺乏可能在眼部表现出来。
