Ishiyama K
Department of Otolaryngology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo.
Nihon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1995 May;98(5):781-8. doi: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.98.781.
Rosenhall reported the polarization of kinocilium of otolith organs in the avian inner ear by LM. However, the otolith lagena, which is called the third otolith organ, is not well known, especially in terms of the 3-dimensional relationship between each maculae (utricular maculae, saccular maculae, maculae of the otolith lagena), the details of the striola and otoconial layers, and so on. Therefore, the author conducted a study to clarify these points using 20 Columba Domestica pigeons (40 ears), under the rules for animal experiments established by Nihon University School of Medicine. The pigeons were divided into 4 groups, 1. observations of the membranous labyrinth with binocular microscopes, 2. histological examination of serial sections of inner ear, 3. observations of the otolith lagena by SEM, 4. computer-aided 3-dimensional reconstruction of the membranous labyrinth. The following results were obtained. 1. the mean angle between the utricular maculae and maculae of the otolith lagena was 31 degrees (n = 3), the mean angle between the saccular maculae and maculae of the otolith lagena was 45 degrees (n = 3). 2. striola of the otolith lagena demonstrated a C form and the kinocilium exhibited an orientation identical to that of the striola of the outer saccular maculae, 3. the otolithic membrane of the otolith lagena demonstrated a mesh form and the otoconial layer was observed to be thin above the striola. 4. the surface area of the maculae of the otolith lagena was 0.98mm2 (n = 3) and the number of sensory cells was 16,800 (n = 3). The author also considered the functions of the otolith lagena.
罗森哈尔通过光镜报告了鸟类内耳耳石器官动纤毛的极化现象。然而，耳石性滞后耳，即所谓的第三耳石器官，却鲜为人知，尤其是在各斑（椭圆囊斑、球囊斑、耳石性滞后耳斑）之间的三维关系、纹状区和耳石层的细节等方面。因此，作者根据日本大学医学院制定的动物实验规则，使用20只家鸽（40只耳）进行了一项研究以阐明这些问题。鸽子被分为4组，1. 用双目显微镜观察膜迷路；2. 对内耳连续切片进行组织学检查；3. 用扫描电子显微镜观察耳石性滞后耳；4. 对膜迷路进行计算机辅助三维重建。获得了以下结果。1. 椭圆囊斑与耳石性滞后耳斑之间的平均角度为31度（n = 3），球囊斑与耳石性滞后耳斑之间的平均角度为45度（n = 3）。2. 耳石性滞后耳的纹状区呈C形，动纤毛的方向与球囊外斑纹状区的方向相同；3. 耳石性滞后耳的耳石膜呈网状，在纹状区上方观察到耳石层较薄。4. 耳石性滞后耳斑的表面积为0.98平方毫米（n = 3），感觉细胞数量为16,800个（n = 3）。作者还考虑了耳石性滞后耳的功能。
