Ohta H, Watanabe H, Sawabu N
Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University.
Nihon Rinsho. 1995 May;53(5):1124-8.
Expression of cancerous isoenzymes in various malignant tumors has been extensively studied using different biochemical techniques. Cancerous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes such as variant ALP and placental ALP are apparently detected in sera or tissues from patients with malignant tumors. Variant ALP is a specific tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Placental ALP is found in sera of patients with various malignant diseases. However, the positive rate of each ALP isoenzyme is low except for high positivity of placental ALP in seminoma. Novel gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) isoenzyme is specifically found in about 60% of sera from patients with HCC, but in only 3% of patients with benign liver diseases, suggesting high specificity for HCC. Serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAT), which increases in activity in parallel with the growth of prostatic tissue, is an useful marker for prostatic cancer. Thus, several cancerous isoenzymes are available for diagnosis of various malignant tumors.
利用不同的生化技术，已对各种恶性肿瘤中癌同工酶的表达进行了广泛研究。在恶性肿瘤患者的血清或组织中，明显可检测到癌性碱性磷酸酶（ALP）同工酶，如变异型ALP和胎盘型ALP。变异型ALP是肝细胞癌（HCC）的一种特异性肿瘤标志物。胎盘型ALP在各种恶性疾病患者的血清中均可发现。然而，除精原细胞瘤中胎盘型ALP阳性率较高外，每种ALP同工酶的阳性率都较低。新型γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GTP）同工酶在约60%的HCC患者血清中特异性存在，但在仅3%的良性肝病患者中存在，提示其对HCC具有高特异性。血清前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAT）的活性随前列腺组织的生长而平行增加，是前列腺癌的一种有用标志物。因此，几种癌同工酶可用于各种恶性肿瘤的诊断。
