Acar N, Sizemore F G, Leach G R, Wideman R F, Owen R L, Barbato G F
Poultry Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
Poult Sci. 1995 May;74(5):833-43. doi: 10.3382/ps.0740833.
A trial was conducted to investigate the impact of early feed restriction on ascites induced by cold temperatures and the subsequent effect on the whole body and breast muscle growth of broilers. Two feed restriction regimens were tested, consisting of limiting daily feed intake of the birds to 75% of the ME required for normal growth from either 4 to 11 d or from 7 to 14 d. At 21 d, half of the birds were moved to a cold house (17.8 C) to induce ascites. Five birds from each pen were killed for the breast muscle growth, Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor, and heart and abdominal fat pad weights at 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 35, and 49 d of the experiment. Birds in the cold house were heavier and had better feed conversion than birds in the control house at 49 d of age. This could be attributed to the high ambient temperatures (27 to 33 C) in the control house. The ad libitum birds had a significantly greater percentage of P. major than the feed-restricted birds. Exposure to cold temperatures caused significantly higher percentage of ascites from 21 to 49 d. Cold temperatures also increased the percentage of total heart and the right ventricle weight relative to total heart weight ratio at 35 and 49 d of age, suggesting that the surviving birds were more likely to develop ascites. Although catch-up growth was observed, the final body weight of feed-restricted birds was not the same as ad libitum birds. Early feed restriction reduced the incidence of ascites, but at the cost of breast muscle growth.
进行了一项试验，以研究早期限饲对低温诱导的肉鸡腹水的影响，以及随后对肉鸡全身和胸肌生长的影响。测试了两种限饲方案，即从4至11日龄或从7至14日龄将鸡的每日采食量限制为正常生长所需代谢能的75%。在21日龄时，将一半的鸡转移到冷舍（17.8℃）以诱导腹水。在试验的第4、7、11、14、21、35和49天，从每个鸡栏中选取5只鸡处死，测定胸肌（胸大肌和胸小肌）、心脏和腹部脂肪垫的重量。在49日龄时，冷舍中的鸡比对照舍中的鸡体重更重，饲料转化率更高。这可能归因于对照舍中的高环境温度（27至33℃）。自由采食的鸡的胸大肌百分比显著高于限饲的鸡。从21至49日龄，暴露于低温导致腹水的百分比显著更高。低温还增加了35和49日龄时心脏总重量以及右心室重量相对于心脏总重量的比例，这表明存活的鸡更有可能发生腹水。尽管观察到了补偿生长，但限饲鸡的最终体重与自由采食鸡的不同。早期限饲降低了腹水的发生率，但以胸肌生长为代价。
