Dodge H H
Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1995 Jul;50(4):S240-9. doi: 10.1093/geronb/50b.4.s240.
Elderly widows are disproportionately in poverty in the United States. However, past research has also shown that a significant number of poor elderly widows do move out of poverty. This work addresses two questions: What are the characteristics of elderly widows who exited from poverty, and what is the magnitude of the increase in income at the time of exit? An event history approach was taken using monthly data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. Some of the findings are: living with family members is a strong predictor for the transition out of poverty among poor elderly women; those who are permanently impoverished tend to rely solely on food stamps and SSI; elderly widows from poverty with relatively large increases in income; those who exited due to an increase in pension income or gifts had increased their income significantly more than those who exited through other sources.
在美国，老年寡妇陷入贫困的比例过高。然而，过去的研究也表明，相当数量的贫困老年寡妇确实摆脱了贫困。这项研究解决了两个问题：摆脱贫困的老年寡妇有哪些特征，以及摆脱贫困时收入增加的幅度有多大？采用了事件史方法，使用了收入与项目参与调查的月度数据。一些研究结果如下：与家庭成员同住是贫困老年女性摆脱贫困的有力预测因素；那些长期贫困的人往往仅依赖食品券和补充保障收入；收入相对大幅增加的贫困老年寡妇摆脱了贫困；因养老金收入或礼物增加而摆脱贫困的人，其收入增长幅度明显高于通过其他途径摆脱贫困的人。
