Hirvelä H, Tuulonen A, Laatikainen L
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oulu, Finland.
Int Ophthalmol. 1994;18(5):299-307. doi: 10.1007/BF00917834.
The distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the prevalence of glaucoma and their correlates were studied in a population-based study of inhabitants aged 70 years or older of three communities in the county of Oulu, Finland. 500 of the 560 eligible subjects (89%) were examined. IOP was measured using applanation tonometry. The diagnosis of glaucoma (or suspected glaucoma) was based on previous history and/or characteristic optic disc changes assessed first by ophthalmoscopy and later by photographic evaluation. No correlation existed between IOP level and age, but IOP was higher in women than in men. Glaucoma occurred in 12% of the participants (60 of 500 persons). In 42 of the 60 persons (8% of the participants) glaucoma had been diagnosed before this survey: non-exfoliative open-angle glaucoma in 15 persons (3.0%), bilateral or unilateral exfoliative open-angle glaucoma in 19 persons (3.8%), and congestive glaucoma in 8 persons (1.6%). In another 18 persons (4% of the participants) new open-angle glaucoma was detected, one third of these were exfoliative. In addition, 6% of the study population had suspected glaucomatous disc changes. In all new glaucoma cases and in all suspected cases the IOP was lower than 25 mmHg. Ocular hypertension (> or = 25 mmHg) without disc changes was found in 2%.
在芬兰奥卢县三个社区对70岁及以上居民进行的一项基于人群的研究中，研究了眼压（IOP）的分布、青光眼的患病率及其相关因素。560名符合条件的受试者中有500名（89%）接受了检查。使用压平眼压计测量眼压。青光眼（或疑似青光眼）的诊断基于既往病史和/或首先通过检眼镜检查、随后通过摄影评估的特征性视盘变化。眼压水平与年龄之间无相关性，但女性眼压高于男性。12%的参与者（500人中的60人）患有青光眼。在这60人中，有42人（占参与者的8%）在本次调查之前已被诊断患有青光眼：15人（3.0%）为非剥脱性开角型青光眼，19人（3.8%）为双侧或单侧剥脱性开角型青光眼，8人（1.6%）为充血性青光眼。另外18人（占参与者的4%）被检测出患有新发开角型青光眼，其中三分之一为剥脱性青光眼。此外，6%的研究人群有疑似青光眼性视盘变化。在所有新发青光眼病例和所有疑似病例中，眼压均低于25 mmHg。2%的人发现眼压高（≥25 mmHg）但无视盘变化。
