Müller N, Putz A, Straube A, Kathmann N
Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Klinikum Innenstadt, München.
Nervenarzt. 1995 May;66(5):372-8.
A high prevalence of obsessions and compulsions is recognized in patients with Gilles-de-la-Tourette syndrome. Comparison of a group of patients with Gilles-de-la-Tourette syndrome with a group with obsessive-compulsive disorder, using the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-III-R, showed significantly higher scores in both groups of patients in the Hamburg obsessive-compulsive inventory (short version) than in a control group. When selected items from this Inventory were entered in a discriminant analysis, it was shown that there were specific differences in the obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the Gilles-de-la-Tourette syndrome compared to an obsessive-compulsive disorder. Eighty-eight percent of the patients were correctly classified with respect to their diagnosis with eight items of the Hamburg obsessive-compulsive inventory. This result leads to the conclusion that differential observation of the psychopathology of obsessions and compulsions can contribute to the differential diagnosis in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Gilles-de-la-Tourette syndrome, which is still underdiagnosed in Germany compared to epidemiological data in the USA. Moreover, the different psychopathology may reflect differences between a neurotic and an organic basis for obsessions and compulsions.
在患有抽动秽语综合征的患者中，强迫观念和强迫行为的高患病率已得到公认。使用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）的诊断标准，将一组抽动秽语综合征患者与一组强迫症患者进行比较，结果显示，两组患者在汉堡强迫观念与行为量表（简版）上的得分均显著高于对照组。当将该量表中的特定项目纳入判别分析时，结果表明，与强迫症相比，抽动秽语综合征患者的强迫观念和强迫行为症状存在特定差异。通过汉堡强迫观念与行为量表的八项内容，88%的患者能够被正确诊断。这一结果得出如下结论：对强迫观念和强迫行为的精神病理学进行差异观察，有助于强迫症和抽动秽语综合征的鉴别诊断，与美国的流行病学数据相比，抽动秽语综合征在德国仍未得到充分诊断。此外，不同的精神病理学可能反映了强迫观念和强迫行为在神经症基础和器质性基础上的差异。
