Zadnik K, Mutti D O
School of Optometry, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Vision Res. 1995 May;35(9):1283-8. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)00234-d.
Investigations into the plasticity of eye growth and refractive error development have significantly expanded our knowledge of animal models of myopia in the last 15 yr. The applicability of this information is as yet undetermined, but hopefully this information will be useful in learning more about human myopia. This paper presents a critical review of the animal myopia literature as those data relate to the human condition. Differences between the chicken, tree shrew, and primate animal models of myopia are outlined, and the various experimental paradigms used to investigate refractive error development and ocular growth in the chicken are compared. Specific arguments against the application of animal models of myopia to the etiology of human juvenile onset myopia include the following: (1) there is no deprivation of form vision in the environment of the school-aged child as severe as that required to induce myopia in animals; (2) the sensitive period for deprivation myopia in animals appears to be too early to account for human juvenile onset myopia; and (3) studies in the chicken using spectacle lenses to create dioptric blur involve a choroidal thickness modulation that has no human analog. Ultimately, the results of investigations into the cellular and biochemical modulation of eye growth in animals may be the most relevant to human myopia.
在过去15年里，对眼睛生长可塑性及屈光不正发展的研究极大地拓展了我们对近视动物模型的认识。这些信息的适用性尚未确定，但有望在深入了解人类近视方面发挥作用。本文对与人类情况相关的动物近视文献进行了批判性综述。概述了鸡、树鼩和灵长类动物近视模型之间的差异，并比较了用于研究鸡屈光不正发展和眼睛生长的各种实验范式。反对将动物近视模型应用于人类青少年近视病因研究的具体观点如下：（1）学龄儿童所处环境中不存在像诱导动物近视所需那样严重的形觉剥夺；（2）动物剥夺性近视的敏感期似乎太早，无法解释人类青少年近视；（3）在鸡身上使用眼镜片制造屈光性模糊的研究涉及脉络膜厚度调节，而人类不存在类似情况。最终，对动物眼睛生长的细胞和生化调节的研究结果可能与人类近视最为相关。
