Leung D Y, Travers J B, Norris D A
Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
J Invest Dermatol. 1995 Jul;105(1 Suppl):37S-42S. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12315250.
Staphylococcus aureus and streptococci secrete a large family of exotoxins involved in the pathogenesis of toxic-shock-like syndromes and have been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. These toxins act as prototypic superantigens capable of binding to major histocompatibility complex proteins on antigen-presenting cells outside the antigen peptide-binding groove and can thereby stimulate cytokine release from macrophages. The superantigen-major histocompatibility complex unit is recognized primarily by the variable region of the T-cell receptor beta chain, and by engaging this region, can activate a large portion of the T-cell repertoire. It is thought that the capacity of these toxins to cause the massive stimulation of T cells and accessory cells such as macrophages, Langerhans cells, and activated keratinocytes accounts for most of their pathologic effects. The current review examines the evidence that implicates a role for these superantigens in the pathogenesis of certain skin diseases.
金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌分泌一大类外毒素，这些外毒素参与中毒性休克样综合征的发病机制，并与多种自身免疫性疾病有关。这些毒素作为典型的超抗原，能够结合抗原呈递细胞上位于抗原肽结合槽之外的主要组织相容性复合体蛋白，从而刺激巨噬细胞释放细胞因子。超抗原 - 主要组织相容性复合体单元主要由T细胞受体β链的可变区识别，通过与该区域结合，可以激活大部分T细胞库。据认为，这些毒素对T细胞和辅助细胞（如巨噬细胞、朗格汉斯细胞和活化的角质形成细胞）的大量刺激能力是其大部分病理效应的原因。本综述探讨了这些超抗原在某些皮肤病发病机制中起作用的证据。
