Essex C, Smale P, Geddis D
Royal New Zealand Plunket Society, Auckland.
N Z Med J. 1995 Jun 28;108(1002):244-6.
To ascertain the immunisation status of a cohort of infants at 1 year and 2 years of age.
The Plunket National Child Health Study is a longitudinal study of 4286 New Zealand children, based on an ethnically stratified and geographically representative sample of children born between 2 July 1990 and 30 June 1991. The immunisation status of these children was examined at 1 year and 2 years of age.
By 1 year and 2 years of age, 92.5% and 83.3%, respectively, had received all their age appropriate immunisations. Children who were incompletely immunised at 2 years of age were more likely to have mothers who were of high parity, or had higher or lower levels of education, or who had a later initial attendance at the doctor for this pregnancy, or who did not attend antenatal classes. The most common reason why immunisations had been delayed was because of ill health (of the children) at the time of the immunisation. Only 1.4% had had no immunisations at all by 2 years of age.
This study challenges the widely held views that New Zealand has a poor child health immunisation record, and that antiimmunisation beliefs are widespread. New Zealand needs systems in place which give current immunisation rates rather than relying on point prevalence or retrospective studies. Information about contraindications to immunisation needs to be reinforced with immunisation providers and advisors, and parents.
确定一组婴儿在1岁和2岁时的免疫状况。
普伦基特全国儿童健康研究是一项对4286名新西兰儿童进行的纵向研究，基于1990年7月2日至1991年6月30日出生的儿童的种族分层和地理代表性样本。在这些儿童1岁和2岁时检查其免疫状况。
到1岁和2岁时，分别有92.5%和83.3%的儿童接受了所有适合其年龄的免疫接种。2岁时未完全免疫的儿童，其母亲更有可能是多产、教育水平较高或较低、本次怀孕初次就诊时间较晚或未参加产前课程。免疫接种延迟的最常见原因是免疫接种时（儿童）健康状况不佳。到2岁时，只有1.4%的儿童完全没有接种过疫苗。
本研究对广泛持有的观点提出了挑战，即新西兰儿童健康免疫记录不佳，且反免疫观念普遍存在。新西兰需要建立能够提供当前免疫接种率的系统，而不是依赖点患病率或回顾性研究。关于免疫接种禁忌的信息需要向免疫接种提供者、顾问和家长加强宣传。
