Counsell A M, Smale P N, Geddis D C
Royal Plunket Society, Dunedin.
N Z Med J. 1994 Jul 27;107(982):278-81.
Despite the known negative effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, there is little basic epidemiological information on this group of women. The present study aims to provide such information.
The Plunket National Child Health Study is a longitudinal study of 4286 New Zealand children, based on an ethnically stratified and geographically representative random sample of children born between 2 July 1990 and 30 June 1991. The drinking habits of the mothers of these children are examined.
During pregnancy 41.6% of women consumed alcohol. Compared with abstainers, they tended to be older, have higher educational qualifications, lower parity, higher socioeconomic status and be European or Maori. Of those women who consumed alcohol, the frequency of consumption was rare (between one and three times in pregnancy) in 13.6% of cases, occasional (more than three times in pregnancy but less than weekly) in 67.7% of cases, and frequent (more than once a week) in 18.7% of cases. Those who frequently consumed were more likely to have higher socioeconomic status. For pregnant women in New Zealand, the sociodemography of those having high rates of alcohol consumption does not coincide with the sociodemography of those who have high rates of smoking.
Programmes aimed at reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy should take account of the at-risk groups of women as identified above. In particular they should include women of higher socioeconomic status in their target groups.
尽管已知孕期饮酒有负面影响，但关于这组女性的基础流行病学信息却很少。本研究旨在提供此类信息。
普伦基特全国儿童健康研究是一项对4286名新西兰儿童进行的纵向研究，基于1990年7月2日至1991年6月30日出生儿童的种族分层和具有地理代表性的随机样本。对这些儿童母亲的饮酒习惯进行了调查。
孕期41.6%的女性饮酒。与戒酒者相比，她们往往年龄较大、教育程度较高、生育次数较少、社会经济地位较高，且为欧洲裔或毛利人。在饮酒的女性中，饮酒频率低（孕期饮酒1至3次）的占13.6%，偶尔饮酒（孕期饮酒超过3次但少于每周一次）的占67.7%，频繁饮酒（每周超过一次）的占18.7%。频繁饮酒者更可能具有较高的社会经济地位。对于新西兰的孕妇来说，高饮酒率人群的社会人口统计学特征与高吸烟率人群的社会人口统计学特征并不一致。
旨在减少孕期饮酒的项目应考虑到上述高危女性群体。特别是，目标群体应包括社会经济地位较高的女性。
